在这里边,后两种题型是相对简单的,用我们阅读理解的一些方法就能搞定。举例题匹配题就是已知中心思想,来找符合中心思想的例子。而小标题题是已知对中心思想的例子的阐述,来反推中心思想。这两类题是互逆的过程,小标题考过一次,例证题没有考过。07年的新题型,第一段是没有设置空的。首先通过第一段我们要知道这篇文章要说的是什么。当然文章的标题也有提示。然后是分了5个方面对主题进行阐述,并举例论证了这五个方面。我们只需要把他的阐述文字,归纳总结,提炼出中心思想就能把正确选项选出来。相反,例证题是个反过程。如果在12年的试卷中出这两类题之一的话,大家应该感到幸运了,努力拿8~10分吧。用你们现有的阅读part A的一些能力,足够应付这两类题型,在这里不展开的说太多了。 重点说一些前两类题型——七选五、排序。这两类题型比后两者稍难,也是最有概率考的。在这不是压题,是用之前的数据说话。再说这两类题之前,我们很有必要来了解这篇文章是怎么来的。大家知道,一篇考研阅读的文章不能是跟散文一样,想到哪说到哪,一定是很有逻辑性,一环扣一环的。就算是散文也是“形散神不散”。 不能是这样 A:你吃饭了么? B:我考试得了100分,你考得怎么样? A:我周末去公园玩了。 这样的句子就是毫无逻辑可言的,当然也不会出现在文章中。那么一篇文章怎么能做到逻辑缜密、严丝合缝呢!最重要的是通过两个“连接装置” :一是逻辑连词,and but so or for 这类的,这个是大的逻辑关系词。这个在“戏说英语完形”中有相关的逻辑连词的资料,同学们去那个帖子看一下。第二类就是代词。但是有的同学说了,代词怎么能有逻辑关系呢?怎么能连接句子呢?我说一个最简单的例子:阿娇长得很漂亮,我很喜欢她。这两个之间没有逻辑连词,但是句子仍然显得很有逻辑性,很严密。这是因为有了代词,“她”这个代词就把两个没关系的句子连接起来了。这样一解释我们就顿悟了,原来我们寻找的“同义复现”背后的原理就是寻找文章的代词,原来原理竟是如此的简单。
按图索骥
既然知道了“连接装置”的存在,我们就要进一步的想一下文章的脉络了。一篇文章挖了5个空,让我们从7个备选答案中选出正确的。那一定是用逻辑连词(逻辑关系)或者代词来把两个段落连接起来。这样我们做题的时候就抓住了重点,就是“连接装置”。用链接装置来做题。举个例子: 10年的6选5排序,这个题在10年的抽样调查中,得分率仅为2分。因为ABCDE和EABCD是完全不同的,如果ABCDE是正确答案,那么EABCD就是0分,一招出错满盘皆输。具体来说,第一题是让我们填首段,这个是当年感觉最简单的一道题。 [A]The first and more important is the consumer's growing… Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets… [C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure… [D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in… [F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales… [G] However, none of these requirements should deter… 在这六个选项中,ADFG是有逻辑连词,C是代词。其逻辑关系一定是前边阐述了一个观点或者事情,然后后边才能接这些连接装置。所以B很容易就选出来了。在童鞋们复习考研新题型的时候,要多关注怎么用“连接装置”来解题,看辅导书的解析的时候也应该看看他的解析是否用到了逻辑关系,是否用到了关键词。
一些所谓的技巧
在新题型中有几个除了连接装置的词,也要足够引起我们的注意。 1、数字。我们对一些数字要敏感的,作者行文可能是通过时间顺序,或者是按某种特定的顺序。最典型的就是2006年的“美国博彩业的兴旺”全篇行文是按主人公越赌越大,所赌的钱数也是递增的关系。这样我们的第一题的C就轻松解出来了,根本不用知道他在说什么。不是说12年肯定会有数字。但是我们要对数字敏感,遇到白给分的题千万要拿住。 2、引号&专有名词:如果你引入一个新的概念或者一个新的专有名词,那么你要先介绍他,这就不免在一个段落或连续的几个段落多次出现这个专有名词。如2008年的最后一题。空前的最后一句,The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) 这里出现了一个专有名词The A & P不管他是缩写还是什么意思,这个是我们不知道的东西,后面一定会还要提到他。那么看选项中EF有提到The A & P E:Although this is an interesting issue, it has…lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces. F:In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P”…
说了这么多,拿一篇例子来说吧。2008年的新题型 【第一段】The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)
【第二段】Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors. 【第三段】 (43) .Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side. 【第四段】If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) .These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions. 【第五段】Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)
【第六段】Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape. [A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper. After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression. [C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems. [D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made. [E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces. [F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies. [G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around. 这个是一道七选五的考题,没有给出标题。那么我们就要从第一段来中找出一些蛛丝马迹,上来先看第一段。停止做削铅笔、整理桌子这些代替写作的事情吧。只有怎么怎么样,初稿才能出现在纸上。通过这两句话我们得到一个信息或者一个新的词,那就是first draft(第一遍的草稿,也可以叫初稿)。我们大概扫一下下边的文字,多次出现paper和first draft。我们猜测这篇文章与写初稿有关。那么我们就要进行第二步工作,划“连接装置”词。我这就用红字表示了。
41:其实新题型的第一个空是最好做的,如果某一个选项中出现了前文没有出现过的文字,那一定不是正确答案。比如: A中To make revising easier,前文根本没提到revising谈何To make revising easier. B中:After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,前文也没有交待developed the body of your paper C:though a clean copy,前文也未有提及。 E、F中的A&P DG没有明显的错误,而且看似链接的都很通顺,先作为备选答案。 44:空后有一个我们很喜欢的词“These printouts”these一出,表明前文已经出现过和printouts相关的文字。纵观第四段没有出现过printouts相关的内容,那必定是在44空中有相关的文字。浏览几个选项,只有C中多次出现print,那么这个C就毫无疑问的是正确答案了,然后你对照一下内容,上下文严丝合缝。因为篇幅关系就不一句句的翻译了。 45:空之前出现两个专有名词A & P和Sammy,从7个选项中只有E、F中有出现。这就锁定了两个备选。第五段说删除与主题无关的内容,并举了一个例子,这个同学删除了了sammy有关的某一段。看E中说Although this is an interesting issue,正好与前文他删的那一段内容相对应,而且用两个连接装置显得文章逻辑性很严密。反过来看F,本段的主题就是说删除与主题无关的内容。而F中丝毫没有体现这一点,只是说最后一段他是怎样写的。相比起来E要比F好得多。